Pandava Geetaa or Prapanna Geetaa in Tamil :

॥ பாண்ட³வகீ³தா அத²வா ப்ரபன்னகீ³தா ॥
ப்ரஹ்லாத³நாரத³பராஶரபுண்ட³ரீக-
வ்யாஸாம்ப³ரீஷஶுகஶௌனகபீ⁴ஷ்மகாவ்யா꞉ ।
ருக்மாங்க³தா³ர்ஜுனவஸிஷ்ட²விபீ⁴ஷணாத்³யா
ஏதானஹம்ʼ பரமபா⁴க³வதான் நமாமி ॥ 1 ॥

லோமஹர்ஷண உவாச ।
த⁴ர்மோ விவர்த⁴தி யுதி⁴ஷ்டி²ரகீர்தனேன
பாபம்ʼ ப்ரணஶ்யதி வ்ருʼகோத³ரகீர்தனேன ।
ஶத்ருர்வினஶ்யதி த⁴னஞ்ஜயகீர்தனேன
மாத்³ரீஸுதௌ கத²யதாம்ʼ ந ப⁴வந்தி ரோகா³꞉ ॥ 2 ॥

ப்³ரஹ்மோவாச ।
யே மானவா விக³தராக³பரா(அ)பரஜ்ஞா
நாராயணம்ʼ ஸுரகு³ரும்ʼ ஸததம்ʼ ஸ்மரந்தி ।
த்⁴யானேன தேன ஹதகில்பி³ஷ சேதனாஸ்தே
மாது꞉ பயோத⁴ரரஸம்ʼ ந புன꞉ பிப³ந்தி ॥ 3 ॥

இந்த்³ர உவாச ।
நாராயணோ நாம நரோ நராணாம்ʼ
ப்ரஸித்³த⁴சௌர꞉ கதி²த꞉ ப்ருʼதி²வ்யாம் ।
அனேகஜன்மார்ஜிதபாபஸஞ்சயம்ʼ
ஹரத்யஶேஷம்ʼ ஸ்ம்ருʼதமாத்ர ஏவ ய꞉ ॥ 4 ॥

யுதி⁴ஷ்டி²ர உவாச ।
மேக⁴ஶ்யாமம்ʼ பீதகௌஶேயவாஸம்ʼ
ஶ்ரீவத்ஸாங்கம்ʼ கௌஸ்துபோ⁴த்³பா⁴ஸிதாங்க³ம் ।
புண்யோபேதம்ʼ புண்ட³ரீகாயதாக்ஷம்ʼ
விஷ்ணும்ʼ வந்தே³ ஸர்வலோகைகநாத²ம் ॥ 5 ॥

பீ⁴ம உவாச ।
ஜலௌக⁴மக்³னா ஸசரா(அ)சரா த⁴ரா
விஷாணகோட்யா(அ)கி²லவிஶ்வமூர்தினா ।
ஸமுத்³த்⁴ருʼதா யேன வராஹரூபிணா
ஸ மே ஸ்வயம்பூ⁴ர்ப⁴க³வான் ப்ரஸீத³ரு ॥ 6 ॥

அர்ஜுன உவாச ।
அசிந்த்யமவ்யக்தமனந்தமவ்யயம்ʼ
விபு⁴ம்ʼ ப்ரபு⁴ம்ʼ பா⁴விதவிஶ்வபா⁴வனம் ।
த்ரைலோக்யவிஸ்தாரவிசாரகாரகம்ʼ
ஹரிம்ʼ ப்ரபன்னோ(அ)ஸ்மி க³திம்ʼ மஹாத்மனாம் ॥ 7 ॥

நகுல உவாச ।
யதி³ க³மனமத⁴ஸ்தாத் காலபாஶானுப³ந்தா⁴த்³
யதி³ ச குலவிஹீனே ஜாயதே பக்ஷிகீடே ।
க்ருʼமிஶதமபி க³த்வா த்⁴யாயதே சாந்தராத்மா
மம ப⁴வது ஹ்ருʼதி³ஸ்தா² கேஶவே ப⁴க்திரேகா ॥ 8 ॥

ஸஹதே³வ உவாச ।
தஸ்ய யஜ்ஞவராஹஸ்ய விஷ்ணோரதுலதேஜஸ꞉ ।
ப்ரணாமம்ʼ யே ப்ரகுர்வந்தி தேஷாமபி நமோ நம꞉ ॥ 9 ॥

குந்தீ உவாச ।
ஸ்வகர்மப²லநிர்தி³ஷ்டாம்ʼ யாம்ʼ யாம்ʼ யோனிம்ʼ வ்ரஜாம்யஹம் ।
தஸ்யாம்ʼ தஸ்யாம்ʼ ஹ்ருʼஷீகேஶ த்வயி ப⁴க்திர்த்³ருʼடா⁴(அ)ஸ்து மே ॥ 10 ॥

மாத்³ரீ உவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ணே ரதா꞉ க்ருʼஷ்ணமனுஸ்மரந்தி
ராத்ரௌ ச க்ருʼஷ்ணம்ʼ புனருத்தி²தா யே ।
தே பி⁴ன்னதே³ஹா꞉ ப்ரவிஶந்தி க்ருʼஷ்ணே
ஹவிர்யதா² மந்த்ரஹுதம்ʼ ஹுதாஶே ॥ 11 ॥

த்³ரௌபதீ³ உவாச ।
கீடேஷு பக்ஷிஷு ம்ருʼகே³ஷு ஸரீஸ்ருʼபேஷு
ரக்ஷ꞉பிஶாசமனுஜேஷ்வபி யத்ர யத்ர ।
ஜாதஸ்ய மே ப⁴வது கேஶவ த்வத்ப்ரஸாதா³த்
த்வய்யேவ ப⁴க்திரசலா(அ)வ்யபி⁴சாரிணீ ச ॥ 12 ॥

ஸுப⁴த்³ரா உவாச ।
ஏகோ(அ)பி க்ருʼஷ்ணஸ்ய க்ருʼத꞉ ப்ரணாமோ
த³ஶாஶ்வமேதா⁴வப்⁴ருʼதே²ன துல்ய꞉ ।
த³ஶாஶ்வமேதீ⁴ புனரேதி ஜன்ம
க்ருʼஷ்ணப்ரணாமீ ந புனர்ப⁴வாய ॥ 13 ॥

அபி⁴மன்யுருவாச ।
கோ³விந்த³ கோ³விந்த³ ஹரே முராரே
கோ³விந்த³ கோ³விந்த³ முகுந்த³ க்ருʼஷ்ண
கோ³விந்த³ கோ³விந்த³ ரதா²ங்க³பாணே ।
கோ³விந்த³ கோ³விந்த³ நமாமி நித்யம் ॥ 14 ॥

த்⁴ருʼஷ்டத்³யும்ன உவாச ।
ஶ்ரீராம நாராயண வாஸுதே³வ
கோ³விந்த³ வைகுண்ட² முகுந்த³ க்ருʼஷ்ண ।
ஶ்ரீகேஶவானந்த ந்ருʼஸிம்ʼஹ விஷ்ணோ
மாம்ʼ த்ராஹி ஸம்ʼஸாரபு⁴ஜங்க³த³ஷ்டம் ॥ 15 ॥

ஸாத்யகிருவாச ।
அப்ரமேய ஹரே விஷ்ணோ க்ருʼஷ்ண தா³மோத³ரா(அ)ச்யுத ।
கோ³விந்தா³னந்த ஸர்வேஶ வாஸுதே³வ நமோ(அ)ஸ்து தே ॥ 16 ॥

உத்³த⁴வ உவாச ।
வாஸுதே³வம்ʼ பரித்யஜ்ய யோ(அ)ன்யம்ʼ தே³வமுபாஸதே ।
த்ருʼஷிதோ ஜாஹ்னவீதீரே கூபம்ʼ க²னதி து³ர்மதி꞉ ॥ 17 ॥

தௌ⁴ம்ய உவாச ।
அபாம்ʼ ஸமீபே ஶயனாஸனஸ்தி²தே
தி³வா ச ராத்ரௌ ச யதா²தி⁴க³ச்ச²தா ।
யத்³யஸ்தி கிஞ்சித் ஸுக்ருʼதம்ʼ க்ருʼதம்ʼ மயா
ஜனார்த³னஸ்தேன க்ருʼதேன துஷ்யது ॥ 18 ॥

ஸஞ்ஜய உவாச ।
ஆர்தா விஷண்ணா꞉ ஶிதி²லாஶ்ச பீ⁴தா
கோ⁴ரேஷு வ்யாக்⁴ராதி³ஷு வர்தமானா꞉ ।
ஸங்கீர்த்ய நாராயணஶப்³த³மாத்ரம்ʼ
விமுக்தது³꞉கா²꞉ ஸுகி²னோ ப⁴வந்தி ॥ 19 ॥

அக்ரூர உவாச ।
அஹம்ʼ து நாராயணதா³ஸதா³ஸ-
தா³ஸஸ்ய தா³ஸஸ்ய ச தா³ஸதா³ஸ꞉ ।
அன்யோ ந ஹீஶோ ஜக³தோ நராணாம்ʼ
தஸ்மாத³ஹம்ʼ த⁴ன்யதரோ(அ)ஸ்மி லோகே ॥ 20 ॥

விராட உவாச ।
வாஸுதே³வஸ்ய யே ப⁴க்தா꞉ ஶாந்தாஸ்தத்³க³தசேதஸ꞉ ।
தேஷாம்ʼ தா³ஸஸ்ய தா³ஸோ(அ)ஹம்ʼ ப⁴வேயம்ʼ ஜன்மஜன்மனி ॥ 21 ॥

பீ⁴ஷ்ம உவாச ।
விபரீதேஷு காலேஷு பரிக்ஷீணேஷு ப³ந்து⁴ஷு ।
த்ராஹி மாம்ʼ க்ருʼபயா க்ருʼஷ்ண ஶரணாக³தவத்ஸல ॥ 22 ॥

த்³ரோண உவாச ।
யே யே ஹதாஶ்சக்ரத⁴ரேண தை³த்யாம்ʼ-
ஸ்த்ரைலோக்யநாதே²ன ஜனார்த³னேன ।
தே தே க³தா விஷ்ணுபுரீம்ʼ ப்ரயாதா꞉
க்ரோதோ⁴(அ)பி தே³வஸ்ய வரேண துல்ய꞉ ॥ 23 ॥

க்ருʼபாசார்ய உவாச ।
மஜ்ஜன்மன꞉ ப²லமித³ம்ʼ மது⁴கைடபா⁴ரே
மத்ப்ரார்த²னீய மத³னுக்³ரஹ ஏஷ ஏவ ।
த்வத்³ப்⁴ருʼத்யப்⁴ருʼத்யபரிசாரகப்⁴ருʼத்யப்⁴ருʼத்ய-
ப்⁴ருʼத்யஸ்ய ப்⁴ருʼத்ய இதி மாம்ʼ ஸ்மர லோகநாத² ॥ 24 ॥

அஶ்வத்தா²ம உவாச ।
கோ³விந்த³ கேஶவ ஜனார்த³ன வாஸுதே³வ
விஶ்வேஶ விஶ்வ மது⁴ஸூத³ன விஶ்வரூப ।
ஶ்ரீபத்³மநாப⁴ புருஷோத்தம தே³ஹி தா³ஸ்யம்ʼ
நாராயணாச்யுத ந்ருʼஸிம்ʼஹ நமோ நமஸ்தே ॥ 25 ॥

கர்ண உவாச ।
நான்யம்ʼ வதா³மி ந ஶ்ருʼணோமி ந சிந்தயாமி
நான்யம்ʼ ஸ்மராமி ந ப⁴ஜாமி ந சாஶ்ரயாமி ।
ப⁴க்த்யா த்வதீ³யசரணாம்பு³ஜமாத³ரேண
ஶ்ரீஶ்ரீநிவாஸ புருஷோத்தம தே³ஹி தா³ஸ்யம் ॥ 26 ॥

த்⁴ருʼதராஷ்ட்ர உவாச ।
நமோ நம꞉ காரணவாமனாய
நாராயணாயாமிதவிக்ரமாய ।
ஶ்ரீஶார்ங்க³சக்ராஸிக³தா³த⁴ராய
நமோ(அ)ஸ்து தஸ்மை புருஷோத்தமாய ॥ 27 ॥

கா³ந்தா⁴ரீ உவாச ।
த்வமேவ மாதா ச பிதா த்வமேவ
த்வமேவ ப³ந்து⁴ஶ்ச ஸகா² த்வமேவ ।
த்வமேவ வித்³யா த்³ரவிணம்ʼ த்வமேவ
த்வமேவ ஸர்வம்ʼ மம தே³வ தே³வ ॥ 28 ॥

த்³ருபத³ உவாச ।
யஜ்ஞேஶாச்யுத கோ³விந்த³ மாத⁴வானந்த கேஶவ ।
க்ருʼஷ்ண விஷ்ணோ ஹ்ருʼஷீகேஶ வாஸுதே³வ நமோ(அ)ஸ்து தே ॥ 29 ॥

ஜயத்³ரத² உவாச ।
நம꞉ க்ருʼஷ்ணாய தே³வாய ப்³ரஹ்மணே(அ)னந்தஶக்தயே ।
யோகே³ஶ்வராய யோகா³ய த்வாமஹம்ʼ ஶரணம்ʼ க³த꞉ ॥ 30 ॥

விகர்ண உவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ணாய வாஸுதே³வாய தே³வகீநந்த³னாய ச ।
நந்த³கோ³பகுமாராய கோ³விந்தா³ய நமோ நம꞉ ॥ 31 ॥

விராட உவாச ।
நமோ ப்³ரஹ்மண்யதே³வாய கோ³ப்³ராஹ்மணஹிதாய ச ।
ஜக³த்³தி⁴தாய க்ருʼஷ்ணாய கோ³விந்தா³ய நமோ நம꞉ ॥ 32 ॥

ஶல்ய உவாச ।
அதஸீபுஷ்பஸங்காஶம்ʼ பீதவாஸஸமச்யுதம் ।
யே நமஸ்யந்தி கோ³விந்த³ம்ʼ தேஷாம்ʼ ந வித்³யதே ப⁴யம் ॥ 33 ॥

ப³லப⁴த்³ர உவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ண க்ருʼஷ்ண க்ருʼபாலோ த்வமக³தீனாம்ʼ க³திர்ப⁴வ ।
ஸம்ʼஸாரார்ணவமக்³னானாம்ʼ ப்ரஸீத³ புருஷோத்தம ॥ 34 ॥

ஶ்ரீக்ருʼஷ்ண உவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ண க்ருʼஷ்ணேதி க்ருʼஷ்ணேதி யோ மாம்ʼ ஸ்மரதி நித்யஶ꞉ ।
ஜலம்ʼ பி⁴த்வா யதா² பத்³மம்ʼ நரகாது³த்³த⁴ராம்யஹம் ॥ 35 ॥

ஶ்ரீக்ருʼஷ்ண உவாச ।
நித்யம்ʼ வதா³மி மனுஜா꞉ ஸ்வயமூர்த்⁴வபா³ஹு-
ர்யோ மாம்ʼ முகுந்த³ நரஸிம்ʼஹ ஜனார்த³னேதி ।
ஜீவோ ஜபத்யனுதி³னம்ʼ மரணே ரணே வா
பாஷாணகாஷ்ட²ஸத்³ருʼஶாய த³தா³ம்யபீ⁴ஷ்டம் ॥ 36 ॥

ஈஶ்வர உவாச ।
ஸக்ருʼந்நாராயணேத்யுக்த்வா புமான் கல்பஶதத்ரயம் ।
க³ங்கா³தி³ஸர்வதீர்தே²ஷு ஸ்னாதோ ப⁴வதி புத்ரக ॥ 37 ॥

ஸூத உவாச ।
தத்ரைவ க³ங்கா³ யமுனா ச தத்ர
கோ³தா³வரீ ஸிந்து⁴ ஸரஸ்வதீ ச ।
ஸர்வாணி தீர்தா²னி வஸந்தி தத்ர
யத்ராச்யுதோதா³ர கதா²ப்ரஸங்க³꞉ ॥ 38 ॥

யம உவாச ।
நரகே பச்யமானம்ʼ து யமேனம்ʼ பரிபா⁴ஷிதம் ।
கிம்ʼ த்வயா நார்சிதோ தே³வ꞉ கேஶவ꞉ க்லேஶநாஶன꞉ ॥ 35 ॥

நாரத³ உவாச ।
ஜன்மாந்தரஸஹஸ்ரேண தபோத்⁴யானஸமாதி⁴னா ।
நராணாம்ʼ க்ஷீணபாபானாம்ʼ க்ருʼஷ்ணே ப⁴க்தி꞉ ப்ரஜாயதே ॥ 40 ॥

ப்ரஹ்லாத³ உவாச ।
நாத² யோநிஸஹஸ்ரேஷு யேஷு யேஷு வ்ரஜாம்யஹம் ।
தேஷு தேஷ்வசலா ப⁴க்திரச்யுதா(அ)ஸ்து ஸதா³ த்வயி ॥ 41 ॥

யா ப்ரீதிரவிவேகனாம்ʼ விஷயேஷ்வனபாயினி ।
த்வாமனுஸ்மரத꞉ ஸா மே ஹ்ருʼத³யான்மா(அ)பஸர்பது ॥ 42 ॥

விஶ்வாமித்ர உவாச ।
கிம்ʼ தஸ்ய தா³னை꞉ கிம்ʼ தீர்தை²꞉ கிம்ʼ தபோபி⁴꞉ கிமத்⁴வரை꞉ ।
யோ நித்யம்ʼ த்⁴யாயதே தே³வம்ʼ நாராயணமனன்யதீ⁴꞉ ॥ 43 ॥

ஜமத³க்³நிருவாச ।
நித்யோத்ஸவோ ப⁴வேத்தேஷாம்ʼ நித்யம்ʼ நித்யம்ʼ ச மங்க³லம் ।
யேஷாம்ʼ ஹ்ருʼதி³ஸ்தோ² ப⁴க³வான்மங்க³லாயதனம்ʼ ஹரி꞉ ॥ 44 ॥

ப⁴ரத்³வாஜ உவாச ।
லாப⁴ஸ்தேஷாம்ʼ ஜயஸ்தேஷாம்ʼ குதஸ்தேஷாம்ʼ பராஜய꞉ ।
யேஷாமிந்தீ³ஶ்வரஶ்யாமோ ஹ்ருʼத³யஸ்தோ² ஜனார்த³ன꞉ ॥ 45 ॥

கௌ³தம உவாச ।
கோ³கோடிதா³னம்ʼ க்³ரஹணேஷு காஶீ-
ப்ரயாக³க³ங்கா³யுதகல்பவாஸ꞉ ।
யஜ்ஞாயுதம்ʼ மேருஸுவர்ணதா³னம்ʼ
கோ³விந்த³நாமஸ்மரணேன துல்யம் ॥ 46 ॥

அக்³நிருவாச ।
கோ³விந்தே³தி ஸதா³ ஸ்னானம்ʼ கோ³விந்தே³தி ஸதா³ ஜப꞉ ।
கோ³விந்தே³தி ஸதா³ த்⁴யானம்ʼ ஸதா³ கோ³விந்த³கீர்தனம் ॥ 47 ॥

த்ர்யக்ஷரம்ʼ பரமம்ʼ ப்³ரஹ்ம கோ³விந்த³ த்ர்யக்ஷரம்ʼ பரம் ।
தஸ்மாது³ச்சாரிதம்ʼ யேன ப்³ரஹ்மபூ⁴யாய கல்பதே ॥ 48 ॥

வேத³வ்யாஸ உவாச ।
அச்யுத꞉ கல்பவ்ருʼக்ஷோ(அ)ஸாவனந்த꞉ காமதே⁴னு வை ।
சிந்தாமணிஸ்து கோ³விந்தோ³ ஹரேர்நாம விசிந்தயேத் ॥ 49 ॥

இந்த்³ர உவாச ।
ஜயது ஜயது தே³வோ தே³வகீநந்த³னோ(அ)யம்ʼ
ஜயது ஜயது க்ருʼஷ்ணோ வ்ருʼஷ்ணிவம்ʼஶப்ரதீ³ப꞉ ।
ஜயது ஜயது மேக⁴ஶ்யாமல꞉ கோமலாங்கோ³
ஜயது ஜயது ப்ருʼத்²வீபா⁴ரநாஶோ முகுந்த³꞉ ॥ 50 ॥

பிப்பலாயன உவாச ।
ஶ்ரீமந்ந்ருʼஸிம்ʼஹவிப⁴வே க³ருட³த்⁴வஜாய
தாபத்ரயோபஶமனாய ப⁴வௌஷதா⁴ய ।
க்ருʼஷ்ணாய வ்ருʼஶ்சிகஜலாக்³னிபு⁴ஜங்க³ரோக³-
க்லேஶவ்யயாய ஹரயே கு³ரவே நமஸ்தே ॥ 51 ॥

ஆவிர்ஹோத்ர உவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ண த்வதீ³யபத³பங்கஜபஞ்ஜராந்தே
அத்³யைவ மே விஶது மானஸராஜஹம்ʼஸ꞉ ।
ப்ராணப்ரயாணஸமயே கப²வாதபித்தை꞉
கண்டா²வரோத⁴னவிதௌ⁴ ஸ்மரணம்ʼ குதஸ்தே ॥ 52 ॥

விது³ர உவாச ।
ஹரேர்நாமைவ நாமைவ நாமைவ மம ஜீவனம் ।
கலௌ நாஸ்த்யேவ நாஸ்த்யேவ நாஸ்த்யேவ க³திரன்யதா² ॥ 53 ॥

வஸிஷ்ட² உவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ணேதி மங்க³லம்ʼ நாம யஸ்ய வாசி ப்ரவர்ததே ।
ப⁴ஸ்மீப⁴வந்தி தஸ்யாஶு மஹாபாதககோடய꞉ ॥ 54 ॥

அருந்த⁴த்யுவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ணாய வாஸுதே³வாய ஹரயே பரமாத்மனே ।
ப்ரணதக்லேஶநாஶாய கோ³விந்தா³ய நமோ நம꞉ ॥ 55 ॥

கஶ்யப உவாச ।
க்ருʼஷ்ணானுஸ்மரணாதே³வ பாபஸங்க⁴ட்டபஞ்ஜரம் ।
ஶததா⁴ பே⁴த³மாப்னோதி கி³ரிர்வஜ்ரஹதோ யதா² ॥ 56 ॥

து³ர்யோத⁴ன உவாச ।
ஜாநாமி த⁴ர்மம்ʼ ந ச மே ப்ரவ்ருʼத்தி-
ர்ஜாநாமி பாபம்ʼ ந ச மே நிவ்ருʼத்தி꞉ ।
கேனாபி தே³வேன ஹ்ருʼதி³ ஸ்தி²தேன
யதா² நியுக்தோ(அ)ஸ்மி ததா² கரோமி ॥ 57 ॥

யந்த்ரஸ்ய மம தோ³ஷேண க்ஷம்யதாம்ʼ மது⁴ஸூத³ன ।
அஹம்ʼ யந்த்ரம்ʼ ப⁴வான் யந்த்ரீ மம தோ³ஷோ ந தீ³யதாம் ॥ 58 ॥

ப்⁴ருʼகு³ருவாச ।
நாமைவ தவ கோ³விந்த³ நாம த்வத்த꞉ ஶதாதி⁴கம் ।
த³தா³த்த்யுச்சாரணான்முக்தி꞉ ப⁴வாநஷ்டாங்க³யோக³த꞉ ॥ 59 ॥

லோமஶ உவாச ।
நமாமி நாராயண பாத³பங்கஜம்ʼ
கரோமி நாராயணபூஜனம்ʼ ஸதா³ ।
வதா³மி நாராயணநாம நிர்மலம்ʼ
ஸ்மராமி நாராயணதத்த்வமவ்யயம் ॥ 60 ॥

ஶௌனக உவாச ।
ஸ்ம்ருʼதே꞉ ஸகலகல்யாணம்ʼ ப⁴ஜனம்ʼ யஸ்ய ஜாயதே ।
புருஷம்ʼ தமஜம்ʼ நித்யம்ʼ வ்ரஜாமி ஶரணம்ʼ ஹரிம் ॥ 61 ॥

க³ர்க³ உவாச ।
நாராயணேதி மந்த்ரோ(அ)ஸ்தி வாக³ஸ்தி வஶவர்தினீ ।
ததா²பி நரகே கோ⁴ரே பதந்தீத்யத்³பு⁴தம்ʼ மஹத் ॥ 62 ॥

தா³ல்ப்⁴ய உவாச ।
கிம்ʼ தஸ்ய ப³ஹுபி⁴ர்மந்த்ரைர்ப⁴க்திர்யஸ்ய ஜனார்த³னே ।
நமோ நாராயணாயேதி மந்த்ர꞉ ஸர்வார்த²ஸாதா⁴கே ॥ 63 ॥

வைஶம்பாயன உவாச ।
யத்ர யோகே³ஶ்வர꞉ க்ருʼஷ்ணோ யத்ர பார்தோ² த⁴னுர்த⁴ர꞉ ।
தத்ர ஶ்ரீர்விஜயோ பூ⁴திர்த்⁴ருவா நீதிர்மதிர்மம ॥ 64 ॥

அக்³நிருவாச ।
ஹரிர்ஹரதி பாபானி து³ஷ்டசித்தைரபி ஸ்ம்ருʼத꞉ ।
அனிச்ச²யாபி ஸம்ʼஸ்ப்ருʼஷ்டோ த³ஹத்யேவ ஹி பாவக꞉ ॥ 65 ॥

பரமேஶ்வர உவாச ।
ஸக்ருʼது³ச்சரிதம்ʼ யேன ஹரிரித்யக்ஷரத்³வயம் ।
லப்³த⁴꞉ பரிகரஸ்தேன மோக்ஷாய க³மனம்ʼ ப்ரதி ॥ 66 ॥

புலஸ்த்ய உவாச ।
ஹே ஜிஹ்வே ரஸஸாரஜ்ஞே ஸர்வதா³ மது⁴ரப்ரியே ।
நாராயணாக்²யபீயூஷம்ʼ பிப³ ஜிஹ்வே நிரந்தரம் ॥ 67 ॥

வ்யாஸ உவாச ।
ஸத்யம்ʼ ஸத்யம்ʼ புன꞉ ஸத்யம்ʼ ஸத்யம்ʼ ஸத்யம்ʼ வதா³ம்யஹம் ।
நாஸ்தி வேதா³த்பரம்ʼ ஶாஸ்த்ரம்ʼ ந தே³வ꞉ கேஶவாத்பர꞉ ॥ 68 ॥

த⁴ன்வந்தரிருவாச ।
அச்யுதானந்த கோ³விந்த³ நாமோச்சாரணபே⁴ஷஜாத் ।
நஶ்யந்தி ஸகலா ரோகா³꞉ ஸத்யம்ʼ ஸத்யம்ʼ வதா³ம்யஹம் ॥ 69 ॥

மார்கண்டே³ய உவாச ।
ஸ்வர்க³த³ம்ʼ மோக்ஷத³ம்ʼ தே³வம்ʼ ஸுக²த³ம்ʼ ஜக³தோ கு³ரும் ।
கத²ம்ʼ முஹுர்தமபி தம்ʼ வாஸுதே³வம்ʼ ந சிந்தயேத் ॥ 70 ॥

அக³ஸ்த்ய உவாச ।
நிமிஷம்ʼ நிமிஷார்த⁴ம்ʼ வா ப்ராணினாம்ʼ விஷ்ணுசிந்தனம் ।
தத்ர தத்ர குருக்ஷேத்ரம்ʼ ப்ரயாகோ³ நைமிஷம்ʼ வரம் ॥ 71 ॥

வாமதே³வ உவாச ।
நிமிஷம்ʼ நிமிஷார்த⁴ம்ʼ வா ப்ராணினாம்ʼ விஷ்ணுசிந்தனம் ।
கல்பகோடிஸஹஸ்ராணி லப⁴தே வாஞ்ச்சி²தம்ʼ ப²லம் ॥ 72 ॥

ஶுக உவாச ।
ஆலோட்³ய ஸர்வஶாஸ்த்ராணி விசார்ய ச புன꞉ புன꞉ ।
இத³மேகம்ʼ ஸுநிஷ்பன்னம்ʼ த்⁴யேயோ நாராயண꞉ ஸதா³ ॥ 73 ॥

ஶ்ரீமஹாதே³வ உவாச ।
ஶரீரே ஜர்ஜரீபூ⁴தே வ்யாதி⁴க்³ரஸ்தே கலேவரே ।
ஔஷத⁴ம்ʼ ஜாஹ்னவீதோயம்ʼ வைத்³யோ நாராயணோ ஹரி꞉ ॥ 74 ॥

ஶௌனக உவாச ।
போ⁴ஜனாச்சா²த³னே சிந்தாம்ʼ வ்ருʼதா² குர்வந்தி வைஷ்ணவா꞉ ।
யோ(அ)ஸௌ விஶ்வம்ப⁴ரோ தே³வ꞉ ஸ கிம்ʼ ப⁴க்தானுபேக்ஷதே ॥ 75 ॥

ஸனத்குமார உவாச ।
யஸ்ய ஹஸ்தே க³தா³ சக்ரம்ʼ க³ருடோ³ யஸ்ய வாஹனம் ।
ஶங்க²சக்ரக³தா³பத்³மீ ஸ மே விஷ்ணு꞉ ப்ரஸீத³து ॥ 76 ॥

ஏவம்ʼ ப்³ரஹ்மாத³யோ தே³வா ருʼஷயஶ்ச தபோத⁴னா꞉ ।
கீர்தயந்தி ஸுரஶ்ரேஷ்ட²மேவம்ʼ நாராயணம்ʼ விபு⁴ம் ॥ 77 ॥

இத³ம்ʼ பவித்ரமாயுஷ்யம்ʼ புண்யம்ʼ பாபப்ரணாஶனம் ।
து³꞉ஸ்வப்னநாஶனம்ʼ ஸ்தோத்ரம்ʼ பாண்ட³வை꞉ பரிகீர்திதம் ॥ 78 ॥

ய꞉ படே²த்ப்ராதருத்தா²ய ஶுசிஸ்தத்³க³தமானஸ꞉ ।
க³வாம்ʼ ஶதஸஹஸ்ரஸ்ய ஸம்யக்³த³த்தஸ்ய யத்ப²லம் ॥ 79 ॥

தத்ப²லம்ʼ ஸமவாப்னோதி ய꞉ படே²தி³தி ஸம்ʼஸ்தவம் ।
ஸர்வபாபவிநிர்முக்தோ விஷ்ணுலோகம்ʼ ஸ க³ச்ச²தி ॥ 80 ॥

க³ங்கா³ கீ³தா ச கா³யத்ரீ கோ³விந்தோ³ க³ருட³த்⁴வஜ꞉ ।
க³காரை꞉ பஞ்சபி⁴ர்யுக்த꞉ புனர்ஜன்ம ந வித்³யதே ॥ 81 ॥

கீ³தாம்ʼ ய꞉ பட²தே நித்யம்ʼ ஶ்லோகார்த⁴ம்ʼ ஶ்லோகமேவ வா ।
முச்யதே ஸர்வபாபேப்⁴யோ விஷ்ணுலோகம்ʼ ஸ க³ச்ச²தி ॥ 82 ॥

இதி பாண்ட³வகீ³தா அத²வா ப்ரபன்னகீ³தா ஸமாப்தா ।

ௐ தத்ஸத் ।

Prapanna Geetaa Meaning:

Pandava Gita:

FreeRendering into English:

By Satya Chaitanya:

[Translator’s Note: The Pandava Gita is a collection of exquisitely beautiful verses from different sources. It is a stotra, a hymn meant for devotional recitation and as a stotra it is rarely surpassed in Sanskrit literature full of splendid hymns. The hymn’s approach to God is of ‘sharanagati’, total surrender. In translating, I have taken minor liberties with the language for improving its readability in English. I have, though, take care to see that the meaning or tone of the verses has in no way been altered. Each of the words used for God/Vishnu/Krishna here has meanings deeper than what appears on the surface. For instance, the word Krishna is explained etymologically as ‘that which/he who attracts’ and spiritually as our nature as sat-chid-ananda, existence consciousness-bliss, which draws us towards it constantly and makes us flow towards our source, converting each us into a Radha. Radha is the word ‘dhara’ [dhaaraa] written in the reverse order [ra-dha – dha-ra] and dhara means a current. Radha is therefore the current that flows backward, towards its own source and Krishna is God who turns us towards our origin, and makes our consciousness flow towards its source,
God within us, and not towards the objects of the senses in the outside world. Similarly, Vishnu etymologically means the ‘pervading one’ and spiritually it means the all-pervading reality, the consciousness that is beyond time and space, the awareness that fills our waking, dream and sleep states and is yet beyond them all. In this free rendering, however, only the surface meanings have been used.]

1 / Homage:

Homage to the great devotees of God. I bow down to Prahlada, Narada, Parashara, Pundareeka, Vyasa, Ambareesha, Shuka, Shaunaka and Bheeshmaka; to Rukmangada, Arjuna, Vasishtha, Vibheeshana and others like them.

2 / Lomaharshana said:

Devout repetition of the name of Yudhishthira increases virtue; constant repetition of the name of Vrikodara
1 destroys sin; enemies perish when Dhananjaya’s 2 name is repeated, and when the names of the sons of Madri
3 are repeated, illnesses do not afflict you.

3 / Brahma said:

Those men who are free from desire, know the transcendental and the nontranscendental and constantly remember Narayana, the guru of the gods, they, their consciousness cleansed of impurities through meditation, no more drink milk from their mother’s breasts.

4 / Indra said:

Among the men of the earth, there is a man renowned as a thief, famous by the name Narayana. Just think of him and that very instant he steals in its entirety the copious wealth of sins collected over several births.

5 / Yudhishthira said:

Dark as a cloud, dressed in yellow silk, with the footprint of Sage Bhrigu on his heart, his chest shining with the Kaustubha jewel, his large eyes like the lotus flower, the one who can be approached through merit alone, that Vishnu, the one lord of all worlds, to him I bow down.

6 / Bheeshma said:

The lord who, assuming the form of the wild boar, raised up by the tip of his horns the earth that was drowned in the waters of deluge along with all stationary and moving things, may that self-born God, the lord of all universes, be pleased with me.

7 / Arjuna said:

Unthinkable, unmanifest, endless, imperishable, the glorious lord of everything, that from whom everything is born, the one cause of the universe, the one who manifests the three world by his thoughts, that Hari I surrender to, the goal of great souls.

8 / Nakula said:

If I were to go into lower births dragged down by the ropes of time, if I were to be born as a bird or an insect without a kula 4, even if I were to be born a hundred times as a worm, Oh lord, this is my heart’s constant prayer: May I, in all those births, have unshakeable devotion to Keshava in my heart.

9 / Sahadeva said:

Salutations even to those who bow down to that sacred incarnation as the wild boar, to Vishnu of unparalleled brilliance! Salutations again and again!

10 / Kunti said:

Lord of the Senses, Krishna, this is my prayer to you. As I go from birth and to birth and am born into different species as decided by my karmas, in each of those births may I have unshakeable devotion to you?

11 / Madri said:

Those whose hearts revel in Krishna, those who constantly remember Krishna, those who think of him as they go to bed at night and again when they wake up, they, in whatever different bodies they are, enter Krishna and become one with him, just as offerings made into the sacrificial fire accompanied by mantras enter and become one with fire.

12 / Draupadi said:

In insects, in birds, in wild beasts, and among demons, ghouls or men, wherever I am born, as whatever I am born, this is the blessing that I seek from you, oh Keshava! In every one of those births, may I have unswerving, unshakeable devotion to you and to you alone?

13 / Subhadra said:

A single act of prostrating before Krishna is equal to taking the ritual bath at the end of ten ashwamedha sacrifices and earning merit from them all. In fact, the one who performs ten sacrifices is born again, but the one who prostrates before Krishna has no more births.

14 / Abhimanyu said:

Govinda, Oh Govinda, Oh Hari, Oh Destroyer of Mura; Govinda, Oh Govinda, Oh Mukunda, Krishna; Govinda, Oh Govinda, Oh Wielder of the Discuss; Govinda, Oh Govinda, my salutations to you again and again, forever!

15 / Dhrishtadyumna said:

Oh Rama, Oh Narayana, Vasudeva, Govinda, Oh Dweller of Vaikuntha; Oh Mukunda, Oh Krishna, Keshava, Oh Lord without Beginning or End; Oh Nrisimha, Oh Vishnu! Protect me! Save me! For, Oh lord, I have been bitten by the serpent of samsara, of worldliness.

16 / Satyaki said:

Oh Lord Beyond Knowing, Oh Hari, Oh Vishnu, Krishna, Damodara; Oh Achyuta, Govinda, Oh Beginningless and Endless One, Lord of all! Oh Vasudeva! May these salutations be to you!

17 / Uddhava said:

The man who gives up Krishna and worships other gods is a fool for certain; for, afflicted by thirst, he digs a well on the banks of the Ganga!

18 / Dhaumya said:

Oh Krishna, Oh Destroyer of Evil Men! On the banks of rivers and of ponds, while sitting or lying down, in the day or at night, if I have done even small little acts of merit as I understood them, Oh Lord, may those deeds please you!

19 / Sanjaya said:

Struck by calamity, dejected and despondent, shattered, scared, trapped in front of a tiger or in other terrible plights, let people just repeat the name of Narayana, and they will be free from sorrow, and happy.

20 / Akrura said:

I am but a slave of the slave of the slave of the slave of the slave of the slave of Narayana. Men have no lord other than you, nor has the universe another lord. And for that reason, I consider myself the most blessed of men in the world.

21 / Virata said:

Those devotees of Vasudeva, the serene ones with minds resting in him, may I be a slave of the slave of them in birth after birth.

22 / Bheeshma said:

When times are contrary to me, when relatives and friends have left me, in such times, Oh Krishna, lover of those who take refuge in you, show mercy to me and protect me!

23 / Drona said:

Of the demons who have been killed by the wielder of the discuss, Oh Janardana, Oh Lord of the Three Worlds, each and every one has gone to the sacred world of Vishnu after his death. Even your anger, Oh Lord, is blessing!

24 / Kripa said:

This, Oh Destroyer of Madhu and Kaitabha, is the only blessing that I pray for in this birth: Remember me, Oh Lord of the Universe, as the servant of the servant of the servant of the servant of your servant!

25 / Ashwatthama said:

Oh Govinda, Oh Keshava, Oh Janardana, Vasudeva, Oh Lord of the Universe, Supreme Universal Being! Oh Destroyer of Madhu, Lord with Infinite Forms, Oh Padmanabha, Oh Purushottama! Give me the honour of servitude to you! Oh Narayana, Oh Achyuta, Oh Nrisinha! Salutations to you again and again!

26 / Karna said:

I speak of none other than you; nor do I hear or think of anyone else! I remember no one else, nor do I meditate upon or depend on anyone else! In devotion, in deep reverence, I constantly meditate upon your lotus feet. Oh Shrinivasa, Oh Purushottama, make me your servant!

27 / Dhritarashtra said:

Salutations to you! Salutations to the one who became Vamana, to Narayana of boundless valour, to the wielder of the bow sharnga, of the wheel, the sword and mace! Salutations to that supreme being!

28 / Gandhari said:

You alone are my mother, you alone my father; you alone are my kinsman, you alone my friend; you alone are my knowledge, you alone my wealth! You are everything to me, Oh Lord of Lords, you alone!

29 / Drupada said:

Oh Lord of Sacrifices, Oh Govinda, Oh Madhava, Ananta, Keshava, Krishna, Vishnu, Hrishikesha, Oh Vasudeva! Salutations to you!

30 / Jayadratha said:

Salutations to Lord Krishna, to the Supreme Brahman, to the Lord with Boundless Power! Salutations to the Lord of Yoga! Salutations to the One who is Yoga Itself! I have surrendered myself to you, Oh Lord, and I seek refuge in you!

31 / Vikarna said:

Salutations to Krishna, son of Vasudeva, the delighter of Devaki, the child of the cowherd Nanda, to Govinda! Salutations again and again!

32 / Virata said:

Salutations to Lord worshipped by the Brahmins, to the well-wisher of Brahmins and cows! Salutations to the Benefactor of the World, to Krishna, to Govinda! Salutations again and again!

33 / Shalya said:

The wearer of yellow garments, Lord who is beautiful like the hemp flower; those who bow down to this Govinda, will no more come to know any fear.

34 / Balarama said:

Oh Krishna, Oh Krishna, Merciful One! Become you the refuge of the helpless ones who are deep in the ocean of samsara! Oh Purushottama, Oh Lord, be pleased!

35 / Krishna said:

Oh Krishna! Oh Krishna! Oh Krishna! Those who remember me thus every day, then I pull out from hell, even as a lotus flower is pulled out from water.

36 / Krishna said:

Lifting my hands up in the air, I make this promise: those men who call out to me by saying Oh Mukunda, Oh Narasimha, Janardana; those embodied beings who repeat my name every day, whether in death or in war, I give them all whatever they wish for, even if they be worthless as rocks or chunks of timber!

37 / Ishwara said:

Oh son, say Narayana just once, and it is like bathing in the Ganga and all the other sacred waters for the endless period of three kalpas!

38 / Soota said:

It is there that the sacred Ganga flows, there the holy Yamuna, the Godavari and the Saraswati! Every single teertha 5 is to be found there where the exalted story of the Never-faltering God, Achyuta, is being narrated!

39 / Yama said:

As the man is being roasted in hell, I, lord of the world of the dead, ask him one question: “Why didn’t you worship Lord Keshava, the destroyer of afflictions?”

40 / Narada said:

When devotion to Krishna is born in the hearts of men, remember, it is as a result of his sins being destroyed through austerities, devotions and meditations practiced over a thousand previous births.

41 – ­42 / Prahlada said:

Oh lord, this is my prayer to you: as I wander from birth to birth in different species, in each one of them, oh Achyuta, may I have unshakeable devotion in you. The unswerving love that the ignorant have for sensual pleasures, may I have the same steadfast love for you! May that love never leave my heart! May I remember you
constantly!

43 / Vishwamitra said:

What use is charity, what use bathing in sacred waters? What use is performing austerities, what use sacrifices? What use are these to the man who regularly meditates on Lord Narayana with a mind that never swerves from him?

44 / Jamadagni said:

Every day is a festival, every single day auspicious, to those in whose heart dwells the auspicious lord, Hari, the abode of all that is good.

45 / Bharadwaja said:

Those in whose heart stays Lord Janardana of the hue of the blue lotus, profits are theirs forever, victory is theirs forever, and there is never a chance of their ever failing.

46 / Gautama said:

Giving a hundred thousand cows in charity, bathing in Kashi at every eclipse, living in Prayag or elsewhere on the banks of the Ganga for a full kalpa 6, performing ten thousand sacrifices, giving in charity a mountain of gold – all these yield no more than just remembering the name of Govinda, the Lord, does.

47 – ­48 / Agni:

Remember Govinda at every bath, repeat his name constantly, meditate upon him perpetually, and sing his name continuously. The three-syllabled name of Govinda is the Supreme Brahman, those three syllables are the highest. And for that reason, whoever takes that name, qualifies to be born into the world of Brahman, to realize the Ultimate Truth.

49 / Veda Vyasa said:

The lord Achyuta is the wishing tree Kalpavriksha that grants you all your wishes. The lord Ananta is the wishing cow Kamadhenu that gives you whatever you ask for. The lord Govinda is the thought gem Chintamani that yields its possessor all desires. Think continuously, therefore, of the name of Hari.

50 / Indra said:

Victory! Victory to the lord who is the son of Devaki! Victory! Victory to Krishna, the brightest lamp of the Vrishnis! Victotry! Victory to the soft-limbed one of the hue of the dark cloud! Victory! Victory to Mukunda, who reduced the load on the earth!

51 / Pippalayana said:

Salutations to Hari, the great teacher! Salutations to the one who incarnated as Nrisimha! Salutations to the one whose emblem is the eagle Garuda! Salutations to the one who is the medicine for the disease called samsara, who ends the three types of afflictions 7! Salutations to Krishna, who frees us from every disease and every affliction whether it is born of the scorpion, the snake, fire, water and so forth.

52 / Avihotra said:

Oh Krishna! May the royal swan of my mind enter the nest of your lotus feet today itself! How will I be able to remember you when my breath leaves my body, as afflicted I will be then by the three problems born of phlegm, air and bile, and my throat chocked by these?

53 / Vidura said:

The one thing that supports my life is the name of Hari! His name alone is life to me! In the dark age of Kali, there is no refuge other than that! Indeed there is no refuge other than that!

54 / Vasishtha said:

The man whose tongue utters the blessed name of Krishna, a million terrible sins of his are burnt to ashes in an instant!

55 / Arundhati said:

Salutations to Krishna, son of Vasudeva! To Hari, the supreme self! Salutations to the destroyer of the sins of those who prostrate before him! Salutations to Govinda again and again!

56 / Kashyapa said:

Just remember Krishna and the cage of sin that holds us prisoner shatters into a hundred pieces like a mountain struck by lightning!

57­ – 58 / Duryodhana:

I know what is right but I am not able to practice it; I know what is wrong and I am not able to keep away from it. I act as I am directed to by some mysterious power that is seated in my heart. I am but a machine, Oh Madhusoodana! As I am a machine, so you are the one who runs this machine. Please forgive the faults of this machine! Please do not blame me for what I do!

59 / Bhrigu said:

Your name is enough, Govinda! Your name is a hundred times more than you! With its mere utterance, you bless the devotee with the eight-limbed yoga and give liberation to him!

60 / Lomasha said:

I bow down to the lotus feet of Narayana! I worship Narayana constantly I repeat the pure name of Narayana! I remember the changeless essence of Narayana!

61 / Shaunaka said:

By whose mere remembrance constant devotion is born in one’s heart, devotion that gives you everything that is good, that eternal, unborn Person, that Hari, I take refuge in.

62 / Garga said:

Here is a great wonder! The name of Narayana exists, people have their tongues under their control, and yet people fall into the terrible hell!

63 / Dalbhya said:

What use are the many mantras to the man devoted to Janardna, when the mantra ‘namo narayanaya’ that grants every desire exists?

64 / Vaishampayana said:

This is my belief: Where there is Krishna, the lord of the yoga; where there is the bowweilding Partha; there exists prosperity, victory, glory, steadfast justice.

65 / Agni said:

Hari takes away the sins even of the wicked man who remembers him. Doesn’t fire burn even when touched unintentionally?

66 / Parameshwara said:

The man who has uttered the two syllables of Hari even once has already kept ready a retinue to escort him to liberation.

67 / Pulastya said:

Oh tongue! Knower of the essence of rasa, 8 always fond of sweetness! Drink you continuously the nectar called Narayana.

68 / Vyasa said:

This is the truth! This is the truth! This is the truth! This alone is the truth and nothing but the pure truth! There is no scripture superior to the Vedas and there is no God higher than Keshava.

69 / Dhanvantari said:

I speak the truth, and the truth alone! All diseases are destroyed by the medicine of the utterance of the names Achyuta, Ananta, Govinda!

70 / Markandeya said:

How is it possible that you do not think even briefly of Vasudeva, the guru of the whole world, who grants heaven, who grants liberation, who grants happiness?

71 / Agastya said:

Wherever embodied beings think of Vishnu for a moment or even for half a moment, that is where the sacred teertha of Kurukshetra is, that is where Prayag is, and that is where the holy Naimisha is!

72 / Vamadeva said:

Let a mortal think of Vishnu for a moment or even for half a moment and he gets what he desires for a million, million, million years!

73 / Shuka said:

Having churned all the scriptures, thought about them again and again, I see this one truth emerging from it all: lord Narayana is to be meditated upon constantly.

74 / Mahadeva said:

When the body has turned old and decrepit when it has been afflicted by diseases, the medicine is the water of the Ganga and the physician, Lord Narayana, Hari.

75 / Shaunaka said:

Let me tell you this: If the devotees of Vishnu worry about food and clothing, they are doing it without any need. The lord Vishnu sustains the whole universe; is he going to neglect his own devotees?

76 / Sanatkumara said:

The wielder of the conch and the mace, whose vehicle is the eagle Garuda, may that Vishnu, holding his conch, discus, mace and lotus, be pleased with me!

77­ – 82 / Phalashruti  [TheBenefits]

Thus the gods beginning with Brahma and the great seers rich in austerities sing the praise of the best of the celestials, the glorious Narayana.
This hymn, sacred, merit-filled, yielder of a long life, destroyer of every sin in its entirety, eliminator of nightmares was thus sung by the Pandavas.
The one who reads this after getting up in the morning and having become clean and pure, his mind fixed on the lord, attains the result of giving a hundred thousand cows in charity with accompanying rituals done as prescribed.
The one who recites this song too attains the same result; freed from all sins, he attains to the world of Vishnu.
The Ganga, the Gita, the Gayatri, Govinda, Garudadhvaja – the one who is with these five, all beginning with ‘g’, is never born again.
The one who reads every day this Gita, or even one verse or half a verse of this, is freed from all sins and he goes straight to the heaven of Vishnu.

OmTat Sat!

1. Bheema
2. Arjuna
3. Nakula and Sahadeva
4. Clan, family; also caste
5. A sacred place for ritual purificatory baths
6. A kalpa is practically an endless amount of time. It is a day of Brahma and equal to one thousand yugas or
   four thousand, three hundred and twenty million years.
7. Adhyatmika, born of oneself; Adhibhautika, born of the world made of the five elements; Adhidaivika, born of
   divine reasons.
8. Taste, spiritual bliss

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