Parshvanatha or Parshva is the 23rd Tirthankara (“Ford builder”, i.e. savior) of the current era, according to Jainism, a religion of India.
Parshvanatha was the first Tirthankara for which there is historical evidence, but this evidence is intimately linked to legend. It is said to have preceded Mahavira, the most recent Tirthankara, about 250 years ago, who traditionally died in 527 BCE. A text indicates that Mahavira’s parents followed the teachings of Parshvanatha, but there is no evidence that Mahavira himself officially concluded a religious order founded by this teacher. Parshvanatha established the “quadruple restriction”, the four vows taken by his supporters (not to take life, steal, lie or own property) which, with the addition of Mahavira of the vow of celibacy, became the five “great vows “(mahavratas) of Jain ascetics. While Parshvanatha allowed monks to wear upper and lower clothing, Mahavira completely abandoned the clothing. According to tradition, the two sets of views were reconciled by a disciple of each of the Tirthankaras, and the supporters of Parshvanatha accepted the reforms of Mahavira.
The legends surrounding Parshvanatha emphasize their association with snakes. It is said that his mother saw a black snake crawl by his side before his birth, and in sculpture and painting, he always identifies himself with a canopy of snake hoods above his head. According to the accounts of the Jainist script Kalpa-sutra, Parshvanatha once saved a snake that had been trapped on a log in the fire of an ascetic. The serpent, who is later reborn as Dharana, the lord of the underground kingdom of nagas (snakes), protects Parshvanatha from a storm sent by a demon.
Parshvanathasahasranamastotram Lyrics in English:
॥ parsvanathasahasranamastotram ॥
srikalyanasagarasurikrta
srisarasvatyai namah ॥
parsvanatho jinah sriman syadvadi parsvanayakah ।
sivatatirjanatrata dadyanme saukhyamanvaham ॥ 1 ॥
namasyanti narah sarve sirsena bhaktibhasurah ।
papastomamapakartum tam parsvam naumi sarvadam ॥ 2 ॥
yatharthavadina yenonmulitah klesapadapah ।
tenanubhuyate rddhidhimata suksmadarsina ॥ 3 ॥
sambhave parsvanathaya srimate paramatmane ।
namah srivarddhamanaya visvavyadhiharaya vai ॥ 4 ॥
darvikarah subhadhyanaddharanendramavapa sah ।
yasmat paramatattvajnat suparsvallokalocanat ॥ 5 ॥
pratipurnam dhruvam jnanam niravaranamuttamam ।
vidyate yasya parsvasya nikhilarthavabhasakam ॥ 6 ॥
yasminatindriye saukhyamanantam vartate khalu ।
sa sraddheyah sa caradhyo dhyeyah saiva nirantaram ॥ 7 ॥
saptavibhaktinam slokah ।
tava stotrena kurve svam jihvam dosasatakulam ।
putamidam bhavaranye jantutam janmanah phalam ॥ 8 ॥
varadaya namastubhyam namah ksinasṭakarmane ।
saradaya namastubhyam namo’bhisṭarthadayine ॥ 9 ॥
sankaraya namastubhyam namo yatharthadarsine ।
vipaddhartre namastubhyam namo visvarttiharine ॥ 10 ॥
dharmamurtte namastubhyam jagadanandadayine ।
jagadbhartre namaste’pi namah sakaladarsine ॥ 11 ॥
sarvajnaya namastubhyam namo bandhuratejase ।
srikaraya namastubhyamanantajnanine namah ॥ 12 ॥
natha ! tvaccaranambhojasevarasikatatparah ।
vilasanti sriyam bhavyah sadodaya mahitale ॥ 13 ॥
indra api gunan vaktum param yasya yayurnahi ।
asankhyeyananalpasca ksamastarhi katham narah ॥ 14 ॥
tathapi jnanamugdho’ham bhaktipreritamanasah ।
namnamasṭasahasrena tvam stuve saukhyadayakam ॥ 15 ॥
iti sriparsvanathanamavalyam stutiprastavana ॥
atha sahasranamastotram ॥
arhan ksamadharah svami ksantiman ksantiraksakah ।
arinjayah ksamadharah subhamyuracalasthitih ॥ 1 ॥
labhakarta bhayatrata cchadmapeto jinottamah ।
laksmano niscalo’janma devendro devasevitah ॥ 2 ॥
dharmanatho manojnango dharmisṭo dharmadesakah ।
dharmarajah paratajno dharmajno dharmatirthakrt ॥ 3 ॥
saddheryalpitahamsadristatrabhavan narottamah ।
dharmiko dharmadhaureyo dhrtiman dharmanayakah ॥ 4 ॥
dharmapalah ksamasadma(dma) dharmasarathirisvarah ।
dharmadhyakso naradhiso dharmatma dharmadayakah ॥ 5 ॥
dharmavan dharmasenaniracintyo dhiradhirajah ।
dharmaghosah prakasatma dharmi dharmaprarupakah ॥ 6 ॥
bahusruto bahubuddhirdharmarthi dharmavijjinah ।
devah sanatano’sango’nalpakantirmanoharah ॥ 7 ॥
sriman papaharo natho’nisvaro’bandhano’rajah ।
acintyatma’nagho viro’punarbhavo bhavojjhitah ॥ 8 ॥
svayambhuh sankaro bhusnuranuttaro jinottamah ।
vrsabhah saukhyado’svapno’nantajnani nararcitah ॥ 9 ॥
atmajno visvavid bhavyo’nantadarsi jinadhipah ।
visvavyapi jagatpalo vikrami viryavan parah ॥ 10 ॥
visvabandhurameyatma visvesvaro jagatpatih ।
visveno visvapo vidvan visvanatho vibhuh prabhuh ॥ 11 ॥
arhat satam ॥ 100 ॥
vitaragah prasantarirajaro visvanayakah ।
visvadbhuto nihsapatno vikasi visvavisrutah ॥ 1 ॥
virakto vibudhaih sevyo vairangiko viragavan ।
pratiksyo vimalo dhiro visveso vitamatsarah ॥ 2 ॥
vikasvaro janasresṭho’risṭatatih sivankarah ।
visvadrsva sadabhavi visvago visadasayah ॥ 3 ॥
visisṭo visvavikhyato vicaksano visaradah ।
vipaksavarjito’kamo visveḍ visvaikavatsalah ॥ 4 ॥
vijayi janatabandhurvidyadata sadodayah ।
santidah sasravicchambhuh santo danto jitendriyah ॥ 5 ॥
varddhamano gatatankane vinayakojjhito’ksarah ।
alaksyo’bhisṭado’kopo’nantajit vadatam varah ॥ 6 ॥
vimukto visado’murto vijno visala aksayah ।
amurtatma’vyayo dhiman tattvajno gatakalmusah ॥ 7 ॥
santatma sasvato nityasrikalajnasrikalavit ।
trailokyapujito’vyakto vyaktavakyo vidam varah ॥ 8 ॥
sarvajnah satyavak siddhah somamurtih prakasakrt ।
siddhatma sarvadeveso’jayyo’meyarddhirasmarah ॥ 9 ॥
ksamayuktah ksamacancuh ksami saksi puratanah ।
paramatma paratrata puranah paramadyutih ॥ 10 ॥
pavitrah paramanandah putavak paramesvarah ।
puto’jeyah paranjyotiraniho varado’rahah ॥ 11 ॥
vitaragasatam ॥ 200 ॥
tirthankarastataslokastirthesastirthamanḍanah ।
tattvamurttisankhyeyastirthakrt tirthanayakah ॥ 1 ॥
vitadambhah prasannatma tarakastirthalocanah ।
tirthendrastvagavan tyagi tattvavit tyaktasamsutih ॥ 2 ॥
tamoharta jitadvesastirthadhiso jagatpriyah ।
tirthapastirnasamsarastapahrt taralocanah ॥ 3 ॥
tattvatma jnanavit sresṭho jagannatho jagadvibhuh ।
jagajjaitro jagatkarta jagajjyesṭho jagadguru: ॥ 4 ॥
jagaddhayeyo jagadvandyo jyotima(sma) ) n jagatah patih ॥ 5 ॥
jitamoho jitanango jitanidro jitaksayah ।
jitavairo jitakleso jagadgraiveyakah sivah ॥ 6 ॥
janapalo jitakrodho janasvami janesita ।
jagattrayamanohari jagadanandadayakah ॥ 7 ॥
jitamano jita”kalpo janeso jagadagragah ।
jagatbandhurjagatsvami janeḍ jagatpitamahah ॥ 8 ॥
jisnurjayi jagadrakso visvadarsi jitamayah ।
jitalobho jitasneho jagaccandro jagadravih ॥ 9 ॥
nrmanojavasah sakto jinendro janatarakah ।
alankarisnuradvesyo jagattrayavisesakah ॥ 10 ॥
janaraksakarah karta jagaccuḍamanirvarah ।
jyayan jitayathajato jaḍyapaho jagatprabhuh ॥ 11 ॥
jantusaukhyakaro janmajaramaranavarjitah ।
jantusevyo jagadvyapto jvalatteja akalkanah ॥ 12 ॥
jitasarvo janadharastirtharaṭ tirthadesakah ।
narapujyo naramanyo laḍanalaghanaghanah ॥ 13 ॥
tirthasatam ॥ 300 ॥
devadevah sthirah sthasnuh sthesṭah stheyo dayaparah ।
sthavaro danavan data dayayukto dayanidhih ॥ 1 ॥
damitarirdayadhama dayalurdanatatparah ।
sthavisṭo janatadharah sthaviyan devatallajah ॥ 2 ॥
stheyan suksmavicarajno duhsthaharta dayacanah ।
dayagarbho dayaputo devarcyo devasattamah ॥ 3 ॥
dipto danaprado divyo dundubhidhvaniruttamah ।
divyabhasapatiscarurdami devamatallikah ॥ 4 ॥
dantatma devasevyo’pi divyamurtirdayadhvajah ।
dakso dayakarah kamro danalpitasuradrumah ॥ 5 ॥
duhkhaharo dayacancurdalitotkaṭakalmusah ।
drḍhadharma drḍhacaro drḍhavrato damesvarah ॥ 6 ॥
drḍhasilo drḍhapunyo dr(dra) ḍhiyat damitendriyah
drḍhakriyo drḍhadhairyo daksinyo drḍhasamyamah ॥ 7 ॥
devaprasṭo dayasresṭho vyatitasesabandhanah ।
saranyo danasaunḍiro daridryacchedakah sudhih ॥ 8 ॥
dayadhyakso duradharso dharmadayakatatparah ।
dhanyah punyamayah kanto dharmadhikarani sahah ॥ 9 ॥
nihkalanko niradharo nirmalo nirmalasayah ।
niramayo niratango nirjaro nirjararcitah ॥ 10 ॥
nirasamso nirakankso nirvighno bhitivarjitah ।
niramo nirmamah saumyo niranjano niruttarah ॥ 11 ॥
nirgrantho nihkriyah satyo nissango nirbhayo’calah ।
nirvikalpo nirastamho nirabadho nirasravah ॥ 12 ॥
devasatam ॥ 400 ॥
atmabhuh sambhavo visnuh kesavah sthaviro’cyutah ।
paramesṭhi vidhirdhata sripatirnagala(la) cchanah ॥ 1 ॥
satadhrtih satanandah srivatso’dhoksajo harih ।
visvambharo harisvami sarpeso visṭarasravah ॥ 2 ॥
surajyesṭhascaturvaktro govindah purusottamah ।
asṭakarnascaturasyascaturbhujah svabhuh kavih ॥ 3 ॥
sattvikah kamano vedhasrivikramo kumodakah ।
laksmivan sridharah srasṭa labdhavarnah prajapatih ॥ 4 ॥
dhruvah suriravijneyah karunyo’mitasasanah ।
dosajnah kusalo’bhijnah sukrti mitravatsalah ॥ 5 ॥
pravino nipuno buddho vidagdhah pratibhanvitah ।
jananandakarah srantah prajno vaijnanikah paṭuh ॥ 6 ॥
dharmacakri krti vyakto hrdayalurvadavadah ।
vacoyuktipaṭurvakta vagisah putasasanah ॥ 7 ॥
vedita paramah pujyah parabrahmapradesakah ।
prasamatma paradityah prasantah prasamakarah ॥ 8 ॥
dhanisvaro yathakami spharadhirniravagrahah ।
svatantrah spharasrngarah padmesah spharabhusanah ॥ 9 ॥
spharanetrah sadatrptah spharamurtih priyamvadah ।
atmadarsi sadavandyo balisṭo bodhidayakah ॥ 10 ॥
buddhatma bhagyasamyukto bhayojjhito bhavantakah ।
bhutanatho bhayatito bodhido bhavaparagah ॥ 11 ॥
atmasatam ॥ 500 ॥
mahadevo mahasadhurmahan bhunindrasevitah ।
mahakirtirmahasaktimahaviryo mahayatih ॥ 1 ॥
mahavrato maharajo mahamitro mahamatih ।
mahesvaro mahabhiksurmunindro bhagyabhak sami ॥ 2 ॥
mahadhrtirmahakantirmahatapa mahaprabhuh ।
mahaguno mahaslilo mahajino mahapatih ॥ 3 ॥
mahamaha mahasloko mahabuddhirmahodayah ।
mahanando mahadhiro mahanatho mahabalah ॥ 4 ॥
mahaviro mahadharma mahaneta mahayasah ।
mahasunurmahasvami mahesah paramodayah ॥ 5 ॥
mahaksamo mahabhagyo mahodarko mahasayah ।
mahaprajno mahaceta mahaprabho mahesita ॥ 6 ॥
mahasattvo mahasate mahasasro maharddhikah ।
mahabodhirmahadhiso mahamisro mahakriyah ॥ 7 ॥
mahabandurmahayogi mahatma mahasampatih ।
mahalabdhirmahapunyo mahavakyo mahadyutih ॥ 8 ॥
mahalaksyirmahacaro mahajdyotirmahasrutah ।
mahamana mahamurttirmahebhyah sundaro vasi ॥ 9 ॥
mahasilo mahavidyo mahapto hi mahavibhuh ।
mahajnano mahadhyano mahodyamo mahottamah ॥ 10 ॥
mahasaukhyo mahadhyeyo mahagatirmahanarah ।
mahatoso mahadhairyo mahendro mahimalayah ॥ 11 ॥
mahasuhrnmahasakhyo mahatanurmahadhibhuh ।
yogatma yogavit yogi sasta yami yamantakrt ॥ 12 ॥
mahasatam ॥ 600 ॥
harsadah punyadastusṭah santosi sumatih patih ।
sahisnuh pusṭa(sṭi) dah pusṭah sarvamsahah sadabhavah ॥ 1 ॥
sarvakaranikah sisṭo lagnakah sarado’malah ।
hatakarma hatavyadhirhatattirhatadurgatih ॥ 2 ॥
punyavan mitrayurmedhyah pratibhurdharmamandirah ।
yasasvi subhagah subhrastrigupto hatadurbhagah ॥ 3 ॥
hrsikeso’pratarkyatma’nantadrsṭiratindriyah ।
sivatatiracintyarddhiralepo moksadayakah ॥ 4 ॥
hataduhkho hatanango hataklesakadambakah।
samyami sukharo’dvisṭah paraddharyo hatapatakah ॥ 5 ॥
sebhukhisah suprasannah ksemankaro dayalayah ।
stavanarho viragarhastapasvi harsasamyutah ॥ 6 ॥
acalatma’khilajyotih santimanarimardanah ।
arighno’punaravrttirariharta’ribhanjakah ॥ 7 ॥
arosano’prameyatma’dhyatmagamyo yatisvarah ।
anadharo yamopetah prabhasvarah svayamprabhah ॥ 8 ॥
arcito ratimanapto ramakaro ramapradah ।
anirsyalurasoko’gryo’vadyabhinnavisvarah ॥ 9 ॥
anighno’kincanah stutyah sajjanopasitakramah ।
avyabadhah prabhutatma paragatah stutisvarah ॥ 10 ॥
yoginathah sadamodah sadadhyeyo’bhivadakah ।
sadamisrah sadaharsah sadasaukhyah sadasivah ॥ 11 ॥
harsasatam ॥ 700 ॥
jnanagarbho ganasresṭho jnanayukto gunakarah ।
jnanacancurgatasteso gunavan gunasagarah ॥ 1 ॥
jnanado jnanavikhyato jnanatma guḍhagocarah ।
jnanasiddhikaro jnani jnanajno jnananayakah ॥ 2 ॥
jnana’mitraharo gopta guḍhatma jnanabhusitah ।
jnanatattvo gunagramo gatasatrurgataturah ॥ 3 ॥
jnanottamo gatasanko gambhiro gunamandirah ।
jnatajneyo gadapeto jnanatritayasadhakah ॥ 4 ॥
jnanabdhih girpatih svastho jnanabhak jnanasarvagah ।
jnatagotro gatasocyah sadgunaratnarohanah ॥ 5 ॥
jnanotkrsṭo gatadveso garisṭhagih giram patih ।
ganagranirgunajyesṭho gariyan gunamanoharah ॥ 6 ॥
gunajno jnatavrttanto gururjnanaprakasakah ।
visvacancurgatakalpo garisṭho gunapeṭakah ॥ 7 ॥
gambhiradhirgunadharo gunakhanirgunalayah ।
jnatabhidho gatakankso jnanapatirgatastuhah ॥ 8 ॥
guni jnatarahahkarma ksemi jnanavicaksanah ।
ganeso jnatasiddhanto gatakasṭo gabhiravak ॥ 9 ॥
gatagatyagatirgunyo girvanavak purogamah ।
girvanendro gataglasnurgatamoho darojjhitah ॥ 10 ॥
girvanapujito vandyo’na(ni) ndyo girvanasevitah ।
svedajno gatasamsaro girvanaraṭ purahsarah ॥ 11 ॥
ghatikarmavinirmukto khedaharta ghanadhvanih ।
ghanayogo ghanajnano ghanado ghanaragahrt ॥ 12 ॥
uttamatma gatabadho ghanabodhasamanvitah ।
ghanadharma ghanasreyo girvanendrasiromanih ॥ 13 ॥
jnanasatam ॥ 800 ॥
aisvaryamanḍitah krsno mumuksurlokanayakah ।
lokesah punḍarikakso lokeḍ lokapurandarah ॥ 1 ॥
lokarko lokaraṭ sarvo lokeso lokavallabhah ।
lokajno lokamandaro lokendro lokakunjarah ॥ 2 ॥
lokarcyo lokasaunḍiro lokavillokasamstutah ।
lokeno lokadhaureyo lokagryo lokaraksakah ॥ 3 ॥
lokanandapradah sthanuh sramano lokapalakah ।
aisvaryasobhito babhruh srikanṭho lokapujitah ॥ 4 ॥
amrtatmottamadhyana isano lokasevitah ।
aisvaryakarako lokavikhyato lokadharakah ॥ 5 ॥
mrtyunjayo naradhyeyo lokabandhurnaresita ।
lokacandro naradharo lokacaksuranisvarah ॥ 6 ॥
lokapresṭho naravyapto lokasimho naradhibhuh ।
lokanago narakhyato lobhabhillokavatsalah ॥ 7 ॥
vamadevo narajyayan lokabharta naragragah ।
lokavibhurnaradrsva lokapo lokabhaskarah ॥ 8 ॥
lokadarsi narajyesṭho lokavandyo naradhipah ।
lokasasta naravyadhiharta lokavibhavakah ॥ 9 ॥
sumedha lokabarhisṭah satyasirlokavanditah ।
rddhikarta narasvami rddhiman lokadesakah ॥ 10 ॥
pramanam pranavah kamya i(i) sitottamasamvarah ।
ibhya uttamasamvega ina uttamapurusah ॥ 11 ॥
stutdya(tya) rha uttamasevyo’dabhrateja ahisvarah ।
uttamakhyah suguptatma manta tajnah parivrḍhah ॥ 12 ॥
lolupadhno nirastainah suvrato vratapalakah ।
asvasenakuladharo nilavarnavirajitah ॥ 13 ॥
aisvaryasatam ॥ 900 ॥
kalyanabhag bhunisresṭhascaturdha martyasevitah ।
kamyadah karmasatrughnah kalyanatma kaladharah ॥ 1 ॥
karmaṭhah kevali karmakasṭagnih karunaparah ।
caksusyascaturah karmamuktah kalyanamandirah ॥ 2 ॥
kriyadaksa kriyanisṭhah kriyavan kamitapradah ।
krpacanah krpacancuh kirtidah kapaṭojjhitah ॥ 3 ॥
candraprabhah chalocchedi candropasitapatkajah ।
kriyaparah krpagarah krpaluh kesadurgatah ॥ 4 ॥
karanam bhadrakuparah kalavit kumatantakrt ।
madrapurnah krtantajnah krtakrtyah krpaparah ॥ 5 ॥
krtajnah kamaladata krtantarthaprarupakah ।
bhadramurtih krpasindhuh kamaghaṭah krtakriyah ॥ 6 ॥
kamaha socanatitah krtarthah kamalakarah ।
carumurtiscidanandascintamaniscirantanah ॥ 7 ॥
cidanandamayascintavarjito lobhatarjitah ।
karmaha bandhamoksajnah krpavan kantikarakah ॥ 8 ॥
kajanetro naratrata krtapunyah krtantavit ।
lokagranivi(rvi) rodhaghnah kirtiman khagasevitah ॥ 9 ॥
ayacito mahotsahascidupascinmayo vrtih ।
bhadrayuktah svayambuddho’nalpabuddhirdamesita ॥ 10 ॥
visvakarma kaladaksah kalpavrksah kalanidhih ।
lobhatiraskrtah suksmo lobhahrt krtalaksanah ॥ 11 ॥
lokottamo janadhiso lokadhata krpalayah ।
suksmadarsyendunilabho lokavatamsakah ksamah ॥ 12 ॥
sisṭesṭo’pratibhah santischatratrayavibhusitah ।
camikarasanaruḍhah srisah kalyanasasanah ॥ 13 ॥
karmanyo’trabhavan bhadrah santikarah prajahitah ।
bhavyamanavakoṭiro muktijanih sriyannidhih ॥ 14 ॥
kalyanasatam ॥ 1000 ॥ cha ॥
amuni tava namani paṭhanti ye narottamah ।
bhaveyuh sampadastesam siddhayascapi manjulah ॥ 1 ॥
svamin ! jihavasahasro’pi vancu sakto na te gunan ।
sahasrakso na te rupasriyam niriksitum ksamah ॥ 2 ॥
tvaccetasi pravarte’hamityudanto hi durlabhah ।
maccitte vidyase tvam cet devenanyena puryatam ॥ 3 ॥
harsabaspajalairbhavyairmannetre tvanmukhasrite ।
anyapreksanasambhutam ksalaya(ye) tam malam nijam ॥ 4 ॥
tvadvaktrasangini netre tvatparisṭikarau karau ।
tvadgunagrahake srotre bhuyastam me muda sada ॥ 5 ॥
rddhitvam hi prabhutvam va manovacchitamanvaham ।
saubhagyatvam nrpatvam vai labheran tava bhaktitah ॥ 6 ॥
tvamasi natha! bhavarnavanavikastvamasi saukhyakadambakakarakah ।
tvamasi siddhivadhustananayakastvamasi saptanayarthavicaksanah ॥ 7 ॥
tvamasi duhkhanivaranatatparastvamasi muktivasaratiharsitah ।
tvamasi bhavyakusesayabhaskarastvamasi devanaradhipasevitah ॥ 8 ॥
tvamasi mohamatangajakesari tvamasi natha! jagajjanavatsalah ।
tvamasi duhkrtamanmathasankarastvamasi kopasiloccayamudgarah ॥ 9 ॥
bhrtyo’smi tava daso’ham vinayi te’smi kinkarah ।
natha! tvaccaranadharo labhe sam bhavadasritah ॥ 10 ॥
jayantu te srigurudharmamurtayo ganadhiraja munisanghapalakah ।
anekavadisvaravadasindurabhimanapancasyanibhah kriyaparah ॥ 11 ॥
sridharmamrrtisurisah surisrenivatamsakah ।
kalyanavapuso nunam ciram nandantu sattamah ॥ 12 ॥
tadamhrikajarolambah sisyah kalyanasagarah ।
cakara parsvanathasya namavalimabhisṭadam ॥ 13 ॥
punyarupamidam stotram nityamadhyeti bhaktikah ।
tasya dhamni mahalaksyiredhate saukhyadayaka ॥ 14 ॥
iti sriparsvanathanamanyasṭottarasahasramitani samaptanyajanisata ॥
srividhipaksagacchadhiraja sridharmamurtisurisvarapatkajabhramarayamanena
srikalyanasagarasurina sriparsvanathanamani
srimanmartanḍapure krtani likhitani ca ॥
nijakarmaksayartham ॥ kausidyam vihaya ca sampurnani paṭhitaniti ॥ cha ॥
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1000 Names of Parshvanatha | Narasimha Sahasranama Stotram in Hindi | English | Bengali | Gujarati | Punjabi | Kannada | Malayalam | Oriya | Telugu | Tamil
